Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: To determine the number of
Concept introduction: Glucose is converted to pyruvate by glycolysis
The Cori cycle is named after its discoverers, Gerty Radnitz Cori, and Carl Cori.
(b)
Interpretation: To determine the number of
Concept introduction: Gluconeogenesis is an eleven-step pathway in which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrate substances. An overview of gluconeogenesis is as follows:
The molecule that contains three carbon atoms is termed as a
(c)
Interpretation: To determine the number of
Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule breaks down into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH reduced coenzymes are produced in the glycolysis pathway.
The molecule that contains three carbon atoms is termed as a
(d)
Interpretation: To determine the number of
Concept introduction: Lactate dehydrogenase enzymes convert pyruvate to lactate under anaerobic conditions in the human body. This anaerobic reduction of pyruvate to form lactate by enzymes is called lactate fermentation. The overall reaction equation for the conversion of pyruvate to lactate is as follows:
The molecule that contains three carbon atoms is termed as a
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EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- A derivative of pyridoxine (Vit. B6) is required as a coenzyme in? a.transamination b. oxidative deamination c. both transamination and oxidative deamination d. urea cyclearrow_forwardIn the table below, choose the appropriate metabolic processes for each scenario: Metabolic Processes Process that Occurs in RBCs Process that Occurs Only in Liver Glycolysis A A Gluconeogenesis B B Beta Oxidation C C Ketogenesis D D Ketolysis E E Urea Formation F F Glyconeogenesis G Garrow_forwardA hydrophilic drug A.Has a high reabsorption in renal tubules B.Has a low ability to penetraye the cell membrane C.Can cross the blood brain barrier easily D.Can bind to intracellular receptors. 2.The phase 1 reaction most often performed by mixed function CYP450 hepatic microsomal enzyme is A.Glucuronidation B.Oxidation C.Reduction D.Acetylation 3.CYP1A2 is involved in the metabolizing of several clinically important xenobiotics such as A.Caffeine B.Morphine C.Aspirin D.Alcohol 4.Drug metabolism,the drug.......undergoes phase 2(acetylation)before undergoing phase 1 (hydrolysis) metabolic reactions A Aspirin B.Codeine C.Isoniazid D.Diazepam E.Phenytoin 5.Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the oxidation of aromatic rings A.Electron donating substituents promote oxidationat the meta position B.Electron withdrawing substituents promote oxidation at the meta position C.All aromatic rings in a molecule are hydroxylated D Monosubstituted aromatic rings can be…arrow_forward
- If people have lactose intolerance they cannot break down lactose, therefore what would lactaid contain to help them? Select one: a. cellulase coenzymes b.actase coenzymes c.cellulase enzymes d.protease enzymes e.lactase enzymesarrow_forwardWhich one of the following are correctly paired? a. glycogen synthesis: catabolic b. Glycogenolysis: catabolic c. Glycolysis: anabolic d. Gluconeogenesis: catabolic e. TCA cycle: anabolicarrow_forwardGlucose-6-phosphate isomerase is used to do which of the following steps of glycolysis Select one: a. Glucose-6-phosphate is converted to Fructose-6-phosphate b. 3-phosphoglycerate is converted 2-phosphoglycerate c. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is converted to 1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate d. Glucose is converted to Glucose-6-phosphate e. Dihydroxyacetone (Glycerone Phosphate) is converted to Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate f. Fructose-1,6 Bisphosphate is converted to Dihydroxyacetone and Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate g. 1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate is converted to 3-phosphoglycerate h. Phosphoenolpyruvate is converted to pyruvate i. Fructose-6-phosphate is converted to Fructose-1,6,bisphosphate j. 2-phosphoglycerate is converted to Phosphoenolpyruvatearrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is/are FALSE about glycolysis? A. It is an anaerobic process. B. Some steps occur in cytosol, others in mitochondria. C. It is the conversion of glucose to lactate or ethanol. D. It is the 1st stage of glucose metabolism.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the third step of glycolysis? Select one: a. Glucose is converted to Glucose-6-phosphate b. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is converted to 1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate c. Dihydroxyacetone (Glycerone Phosphate) is converted to Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate d. 1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate is converted to 3-phosphoglycerate e. 3-phosphoglycerate is converted 2-phosphoglycerate f. Fructose-1,6 Bisphosphate is converted to Dihydroxyacetone and Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate g. Glucose-6-phosphate is converted to Fructose-6-phosphate h. 2-phosphoglycerate is converted to Phosphoenolpyruvate i. Phosphoenolpyruvate is converted to pyruvate j. Fructose-6-phosphate is converted to Fructose-1,6,bisphosphatearrow_forwardIndicate whether each of the following substances is involved in (1) glycogenesis but not glycogenolysis, (2) glycogenolysis but not glycogenesis, (3) both glycogenesis and glycogenolysis, or (4) neither glycogenesis nor glycogenolysis. a. Glucose 6-phosphate b. UDP c. Glycogen d. Piarrow_forward
- which of the following is true about glycolysis? A. occurs in mitochondria B. complete breakdown of glucose C. conversion of glucose to 3 carbon units D. 3 ATP are utilised in anaerobic pathwayarrow_forwardWhich of the following enzymes is NOT operating during glycogenolysis? a. glycogen phosphatase b. glycogen phosphorylase c. glycogen debranching enzyme d. phosphoglucomutasearrow_forwardGluconeogensis uses nearly all of the same enzymes as those in ____, and is a(an) ______ reaction. Select one: a. Citric Acid Cycle anabolic b. citric acid cycle, catabolic c. glycolysis, anabolic d. glycolysis, catabolic e. none of the abovearrow_forward
- Concepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax College