| The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000. |
Appendix I Indo-European Roots |
| ENTRY: | kwel-1 |
| DEFINITION: | Also kwel -. To revolve, move around, sojourn, dwell.Derivatives include colony, cult, wheel, cyclone, pulley, and bucolic. I. Basic form *kwel-. colony, cult, cultivate, culture, Kultur; incult, inquiline, silvicolous, from Latin colere, to till, cultivate, inhabit (< *kwel-o-). II. Suffixed form *kwel-es-. telic, telium, telo-, telos; entelechy, talisman, teleology, teleost, teleutospore, from Greek telos, “completion of a cycle,” consummation, perfection, end, result. III. Suffixed reduplicated form *kw(e)-kwl-o-, circle. 1. wheel, from Old English hw  ol, hweogol, wheel, from Germanic *hwewlaz. 2. cycle, cyclo-, cycloid, cyclone, cyclosis; bicycle, encyclical, epicycle, from Greek kuklos, circle, wheel. 3. chakra, chukker, from Sanskrit cakram, circle, wheel. 4. Metathesized form *kwe-lkw-o-. charkha, from Old Persian *carka-.IV. O-grade form *kwol-. 1. Suffixed form *kwol-so-, “that on which the head turns,” neck. a. (i) hawse, from Old Norse h  ls, neck, ship's bow; (ii) ringhals, from Middle Dutch hals, neck; (iii) habergeon, hauberk, from Old French hauberc, hauberk, from Germanic compound *h(w)als-berg-, “neck-protector,” gorget (*bergan, to protect; see bhergh-1). (i)–(iii) all from Germanic *h(w)alsaz; b. col, collar, collet, cullet; accolade, decollate1, décolleté, machicolate, machicolation, torticollis, from Latin collum, neck. 2. Suffixed form *kwol--. –colous; pratincole, from Latin -cola and incola, inhabitant (in-, in; see en). 3. Suffixed form *kwol-o-. a. ancillary, from Latin anculus, “he who bustles about,” servant (an-, short for ambi-, around, about; see ambhi); b. pole1, pulley, from Greek polos, axis of a sphere; c. bucolic, from Greek boukolos, cowherd, from -kolos, herdsman. 4. Suffixed form *kwol-es- (probably a blend of o-grade *kwol-o- and expected e-grade *kwel-es-). calash, kolacky, from Slavic kolo, koles-, wheel. 5. Suffixed o-grade form *kwol-eno- in Old Iranian compound *vah-carana- (see wes-3). 6. Suffixed zero-grade variant form *kw -i-. palimpsest, palindrome, palingenesis, palinode, from Greek palin, again (< “revolving”). (Pokorny 1. k el- 639.) |
| The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Copyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by the Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. | |
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