| The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000. |
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Appendix I
Indo-European Roots |
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| ENTRY: | sker-2 |
| DEFINITION: | Also ker-. To turn, bend. Presumed base of a number of distantly related derivatives.
Derivatives include shrink, ranch, rink, curve, crepe, circle, search, and crown.
1. Extended form *(s)kreg- in nasalized form *(s)kre-n-g-. a. shrink, from Old English scrincan, to wither, shrivel up, from Germanic *skrink-; b. variant *kre-n-g-. (i) ruck2, from Old Norse hrukka, a crease, fold; (ii) flounce1, from Old French fronce, pleat, from Frankish *hrunkjan, to wrinkle. Both (i) and (ii) from Germanic *hrunk-. 2. Extended form *(s)kregh- in nasalized form *skre-n-gh-. a. ring1, from Old English hring, a ring; b. ranch, range, rank1, rink; arrange, derange, from Old French renc, reng, line, row; c. ringhals, from Middle Dutch rinc (combining form ring-), a ring. a–c all from Germanic *hringaz, something curved, circle. 3. Extended form *kreuk-. a. ridge, from Old English hrycg, spine, ridge; b. rucksack, from Old High German hrukki, back. Both a and b from Germanic hrugjaz. 4. Suffixed variant form *kur-wo-. curb, curvature, curve, curvet, from Latin curvus, bent, curved. 5. Suffixed extended form *kris-ni-. crinoline, from Latin cr nis (< *crisnis), hair. 6. Suffixed extended form *kris-t -. crest, crista, cristate, from Latin crista, tuft, crest. 7. Suffixed extended form *krip-so-. crepe, crisp, crispate, from Latin crispus (metathesized from *cripsus), curly. 8. Extended expressive form *krss-. crissum, from Latin crsre, (of women) to wiggle the hips during copulation. 9. Perhaps reduplicated form *ki-kr-o-. circa, circadian, circinate, Circinus, circle, circum-, circus, cirque, search; cricoid, recherché, from Greek kirkos, krikos, a ring. 10. Suffixed o-grade form *kor- no-. corona, crown, koruna, krona1, krona2, krone1, krone2, from Greek kornos, curved. 11. Suffixed variant form *kur-to. kurtosis, from Greek kurtos, convex. (Pokorny 3. (s)ker- 935.) |
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| The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Copyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by the Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. |
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