1. The substitution of a title or epithet for a proper name, as in calling a sovereign Your Majesty. 2. The substitution of a personal name for a common noun to designate a member of a group or class, as in calling a traitor a Benedict Arnold.
ETYMOLOGY:
Latin, from Greek antonomazein, to name instead : anti-, instead of; see anti + onomazein, to name (from onoma, name; see n-men- in Appendix I).